Pallet Size Guide
Understanding pallet dimensions is crucial for efficient logistics. This comprehensive guide covers standard sizes, terminology, and international standards.
GMA Standard Pallet
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North American Standard Sizes
| Size | Name | Industries | Market Share | Entry |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 48" x 40" | GMA Pallet | Grocery, Retail, General | 30% | 4-way |
| 42" x 42" | Telecom Pallet | Telecommunications, Paint | 9% | 4-way |
| 48" x 48" | Drum Pallet | Chemicals, Drums | 11% | 4-way |
| 48" x 42" | Military/Chemical | Military, Chemicals | 6% | 4-way |
| 40" x 40" | Dairy Pallet | Dairy Industry | 5% | 4-way |
| 48" x 36" | Beverage Pallet | Beverage Industry | 4% | 4-way |
| 36" x 36" | Beverage Combo | Beverages | 2% | 4-way |
| 48" x 45" | Automotive | Automotive Parts | 2% | 4-way |
Pallet Terminology
Deck Boards
Top and bottom horizontal boards that products rest on. Top deck supports the load, bottom deck contacts floor or racking.
Stringers
The long boards that run between deck boards for structural support. Typically 2x4 lumber in stringer pallets.
Lead Boards
The outer deck boards on each end of the pallet. Usually the first boards to show wear.
Block Pallet
Uses wooden blocks instead of stringers at corners and center. Allows 4-way forklift entry and is stronger.
Stringer Pallet
Uses stringers for structure. True 2-way entry, though notched stringers allow partial 4-way entry.
4-Way Entry
Forklift can access from all four sides. Preferred for warehouse efficiency and flexibility.
2-Way Entry
Forklift can only access from two opposite sides. Common in stringer pallets without notches.
Static Load
Maximum weight capacity when pallet rests flat on a solid surface. Typically 3x the dynamic load.
Dynamic Load
Maximum weight capacity when pallet is being lifted, moved by forklift, or transported. The critical spec for shipping.
Racking Load
Weight capacity when pallet is supported only by racking beams at the edges. Usually 60-75% of static load.
Wing Pallet
Deck boards extend beyond the stringers, creating an overhang or "wings" for easier handling.
Flush Pallet
Deck boards align with stringers—no overhang. Clean edges for tight stacking.
Load Capacity by Grade
Understanding load capacities is crucial for safe shipping. Here's how our pallet grades compare.
| Grade | Static Load | Dynamic Load | Racking Load | Best For |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grade A (Premium) | 2,500-3,000 lbs | 2,000-2,500 lbs | 2,000 lbs | Heavy products, automated systems, multiple trips |
| Grade B (Standard) | 2,000-2,500 lbs | 1,500-2,000 lbs | 1,500 lbs | General warehouse, distribution, medium-weight goods |
| Grade C (Economy) | 1,500-2,000 lbs | 1,000-1,500 lbs | Not recommended | Light loads, one-way shipping, storage |
| New Pallets | 3,000+ lbs | 2,500+ lbs | 2,500 lbs | Export, food-grade, demanding applications |
International Pallet Standards
If you're shipping internationally, you'll need to know the standard sizes used in different regions.
North America
48" x 40" (1219 x 1016 mm)
GMA/NWPCA
Most common in US grocery and retail
Europe
800 x 1200 mm (31.5" x 47.2")
EUR 1 / EPAL
ISO certified, most common in EU
Asia
1100 x 1100 mm (43.3" x 43.3")
JIS
Popular in Japan and Korean markets
Australia
1165 x 1165 mm (45.9" x 45.9")
Australian Standard
Also used in some Asian countries
Europe (Half)
800 x 600 mm (31.5" x 23.6")
EUR 6 / EPAL
Half-size for retail displays
UK
1200 x 1000 mm (47.2" x 39.4")
UK Standard
Common in UK manufacturing
How to Choose the Right Pallet
Selecting the right pallet involves more than just size. Consider these factors for optimal performance.
Match Size to Product
Choose a pallet size that allows efficient loading without overhang. Products should not extend beyond pallet edges for safe stacking.
Consider Load Weight
Always check dynamic load capacity—this is what matters during transport. Add a safety margin of 20% below the rated capacity.
Think About Storage
If using racking systems, verify the pallet can handle racking loads. Block pallets perform better than stringer pallets in racks.
Plan for Handling
4-way entry pallets offer maximum flexibility. Essential for crowded warehouses and cross-docking operations.
Export Requirements
International shipping requires ISPM 15 certified heat-treated pallets. Plan ahead—these pallets may need to be ordered.
Industry Standards
Some industries have specific pallet requirements. Food, pharmaceutical, and automotive often require particular specifications.
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FAQ
Pallet Size FAQs
Guidance on choosing sizes, load ratings, and racking fit.
What is the most common pallet size3
The 48x40 GMA pallet is the standard in North America and fits most racking and freight configurations.
How do I choose the right pallet size3
Match pallet dimensions to product footprint, racking depth, and handling equipment clearances.
Does stringer vs. block design matter3
Yes. Stringer pallets are common and cost-effective; block pallets offer four-way entry and higher stability for some applications.
How much weight can a standard pallet hold3
Typical 48x40 pallets handle ~2,500 lbs static and ~2,200 lbs dynamic loads; heavy-duty builds can exceed 3,000 lbs.
When should I choose custom dimensions3
Choose customs when your product overhangs standard sizes, when you need specific clearances, or to optimize container loading.
Are heat-treated pallets required for export3
Yes. ISPM 15 heat-treated pallets are required for most international shipments to prevent pest transmission.
Do rackable pallets need special specs3
Yes. Ensure deck board thickness, stringer condition, and bottom boards support your rack design and load weight.
Can pallet height affect freight costs3
Yes. Pallet height impacts stack counts and trailer cube utilization; lower profiles can increase load efficiency.
What if I have mixed-size products3
We can recommend a primary size for most loads and a secondary size for exceptions, plus custom dunnage if needed.
Can you help verify load stability3
We advise on deck coverage, banding, and stretch-wrap patterns to keep loads stable in transit.